How Did World War One Change American Society Essay

Introduction In 1917 America entered World War one. By doing this America played a grave role in conquering Germany and ushering peace to Europe. However, the Great War also meant that the US would change dramatically through historical issues and changes which resulted in American society. Industries had started to realise that it was not as simple as it was before to abstract the immigrants. As the country developed and became more successful it attracted outsiders who were searching for chances. During the 1920 ¡Ã‚ ¯s the United States began to confine immigrants due to cultural and economical purposes. The immigrants faced several afflictions such as: racism and religious oppression. The examination of immigration expressed an important†¦show more content†¦A perfect example of this is the Sacco-Vanzetti case. Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants in the United States. Sacco and Vanzetti were two workers who were arrested and charged with murder. There have b een people who claimed that they were guilty due to the fact that they were immigrants and outspoken anarchists. They were accused and blamed for something that they never did. There was no proof of evidence that they were guilty. It turned out that they were guilty of just being Italians. By using this case as an example racism tended to spread throughout America. It is stated that during the early 20th century the Italians received white received much lower wages than the average American. What can you observe from this? According to me you can tell that the immigrants were victimized against society. Eventually the Italians were accepted into American society. The Americans started to conceive that the Italians were no threat towards them or their society. Racism in American Society Immigration and racism often go together and they were closely related in American society in the 1920s. Not only was immigration a major problem in American society but racism had started to develop and increase after WWI. Not only was it the immigrants who were attacked by the Americans it was also the blacks, and the Jews. America is composed from severalShow MoreRelatedWas World War II A Good War? Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesWar is often a time of bloody battles and numerous casualties; on both sides of the playing field. World War II was one of the bloodiest wars in history; it not only involved the mass genocide of a specific group of people, but it also brought on major changes in America. As a result of the war, many opportunities would open up for women in the work force. When the men were off fighting the war, there was a need for employees to take over the jobs that the men had to do. The emergence of women inRead MoreThe World War II By Kenneth D. 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Describe and explain recent changes (since 1945) in the employment structure of the UK Free Essays

string(148) " Now in the UK nearly 50% are leaving university with degrees, and this results in a very high demand and high aspirations for graduate level jobs\." This essay will first describe and then go on to explain the changes that the UK’s employment structure has experienced since 1945, post World War Two. The levels of employment in each of the different economy’s sectors will be examined as percentages, to show clearly the increase or decline over time. Principally the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary sectors will be described as will the Quaternary and possibly Quinary in the later 20th century, and early 21st century. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe and explain recent changes (since 1945) in the employment structure of the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Primary sector involves the extraction of raw materials that all other areas of an economic system rely upon; examples include Mining, Fishing and Agriculture. At the end of any Primary activity there is little or no value added to the product; low value, high bulk products. The Secondary Sector involves adding value, and shedding bulk from these products. There are two types of manufacturing; Heavy industry – processing raw materials directly from primary products (steel to iron ore), and Light industry – assembling products in preparation for the market (car manufacturing). The Tertiary Sector is the provision of goods and services to the consumers. There are no processes involved; the products (goods or information) are simply supplied to the consumers. The Quaternary Sector is a more recent evolution and subset of the tertiary sector. It has aroused from the new market created from technological advances and is widely known to involve Research and Development. The current UK employment structure is as follows; 76% are employed in the Tertiary sector (encompassing the Quaternary and Quinary) which includes the UK’s excellent and rapidly growing financial services industry which accounts for, 22% in the Secondary sector, and only 2% are involved in Primary sector activities. In 1945 the structure of employment within the UK was extremely different from today. There was a much higher percentage of the workforce involved in Primary and Secondary activities, where as today the Tertiary industry dominates. Over 40% of the workforce was employed in the Secondary Sector in manufacturing industries, 35% involved in tertiary activities, and 25% employed in the Primary Sector. From the post-war years into the 1950s the Primary Sector experienced an immediate and rapid decline in employment levels, this decrease remained at a high rate until 1975, when it began to plateaux and slowly decline until reaching its current level of 2%. Currently there are 13 coal mines in the UK producing an annual output of only 30 million tonnes compared with the 169 mines in 1984 that produced over 130,000 million tonnes of coal annually. The level of employment in the Secondary Sector has also declined since 1945; however a small increase was experienced first, where the sectors employment percentage reached nearly 50 in 1950. After this it began to decrease, slowly at first, but began to fall more rapidly after around 1975. Manufacturing industries experienced a 30% fall in employment between 1971 and 1994. The Tertiary sector however has undergone an increase in its percentage of UK workforce employment ever since 1945. This increase occurred quite rapidly during the industrialisation period, and continued into the pre-industrial, however has slowed now and levelled off at around 70%. These changes in the UK’s employment structure described above can be well represented by the Clark-Fisher model below. The development over time of an industry can clearly be observed, as the relative number of those employed in each sector changes as the country develops. This model is able to demonstrate the changes experienced by the UK so clearly as it was initially based upon the employment structure change overtime in both The USA and the UK. THE CLARK-FISHER MODEL: The reasons for these variations in employment structure over time vary for each sector, although the general decline in both the Primary and Secondary sectors can be accredited to similar causes, It can be argued that the underlying reason for this decrease in both sectors can be attributed to mechanisation, as it is inevitable as businesses seeking profit naturally began to replace many workers for fewer machines as they are generally more reliable and much cheaper to run; thus lowing production costs and increasing the potential for profit in the long run. This period is known as industrialisation, referring to the transition in methods of production, often due to technological innovation or advancements. When the UK Primary sector employment fell extremely rapidly as machines replaced manual labour in most industries; for example combine harvesters and tractors were substituted for farmer workers in Agriculture. The same applies in manufacturing industries when the Secondary sector later experienced employment decline. In Heavy industry such as the creation of metal sheets for raw material resources, large machines replaced many human workers; producing higher output levels in much shorter times. Similarly in Light industries like car manufacturing mechanised assembly line systems began to operate and replace factory workers. Mechanisation soon required far cheaper and more efficient energy resources to sustain levels of output and industries started to use electricity as cheaper and cleaner energy as opposed to coal. This caused a negative multiplier, as machines replaced jobs, electricity replaced coal, thus a fall in demand for coal and more jobs lost in the Primary sector. Agricultural decline has also been largely attributed to the spatial limits of UK farms, as economies of scale apply; the larger the land cultivated the lower the overall costs. Much cheaper crops could soon be imported from countries overseas where labour and land are both cheaper than in the UK. Farmers in the UK are out-bided for land as more profitable industries require it for other uses. The recent disease out-breaks in the UK have also fuelled the employment decline in agriculture. Demand for British meat and crop products has been extremely negatively affected by BSE and Foot and Mouth in recent years, and the low scale UK economy in this sector has never fully recovered. Now in the UK nearly 50% are leaving university with degrees, and this results in a very high demand and high aspirations for graduate level jobs. You read "Describe and explain recent changes (since 1945) in the employment structure of the UK" in category "Papers" With more and more people being better educated, and in search of better jobs; higher paid with better prospects, less young people are taking over either family run farms or interested in employment in the manufacturing sector. The average annual wage of a farmer in the UK is i9000 or less, making this an unthinkable occupation for a highly educated skilled workforce. Another larger contributing reason for the decline in manufacturing employment in the UK, especially the rapid decline after 1975 is the government policies implemented during the late 1970s and 1980s. The Prime Minister at the time, Margaret Thatcher, was s Conservative and passed Acts and introduced policies that effectively privatised much of the public sector. Between 1979-82 over 2 million jobs were lost in manufacturing industries, as wells as further redundancies caused during the last recession. This also affected many Primary industries in the UK, which up until then had been operated under the public sector. Companies like the National Coal board became publically limited companies; UK Coal plc. This was done to replace output targets, set by the government for the provision of required resources to the UK economy, with the profit motive; aiming to make extraction and production, in heavy industries, more efficient via introducing competition as in the public sector they were running at a loss and the government suffered. Also in the private sector the industries would receive the large investment urgently required for full mechanisation to allow more efficient production that the public sector government budget could not provide. Privatisation, however, lead to many coal mines being shut down as firms chose to import coal and other resources from abroad where both labour and land were cheaper, as now in competition costs had to be minimal. In 1984 over 250,000 were employment in coal mines, and now only 10,000 or less are and the activity only accounts for 0. 01% of UK GDP. The heavy industry suffered the most in this case as well as light industries, where assembly lines and factories shut down and production was continued in less developed countries, with less educated workforces, or no minimum wage laws. This cheaper labour drove down costs allowing more to be produced at lower market prices. Examples include Dyson moving production to Malaysia causing 800 jobs to be lost in the UK as production was shut down. Many other firms chose extremely highly populated countries, with a large dispensable workforce like India and China. However this lead to saturation in many markets, as production was so efficient and cheap it was greater than the demand for the consumer goods in the developed countries, this is illustrated by the Kundratieff cycle. The reasons behind the increase in employment in the Tertiary sector are party due to the UK economy’s shift to this sector, as Primary and Secondary industries have found cheaper labour and production abroad. Now importing more raw materials and many food products which out compete those produced in the UK for price. Mentioned earlier was the fact that 50% of students in the UK are continuing to University study and emerging with degrees. This creates a large skilled and highly educated workforce, not only allowing for such wide spread service sector growth but almost inducing it as more people are looking for graduate level jobs of a certain calibre with certain salaries. This has also largely resposonsible for the growth of the Quaternary sector; which is commonly considered to included research and development. The UK’s highly educated workforce provides innovation and develops industry in other sectors. As views have become more materialist; people want more than they used to, whether that means more expensive cars or more holidays abroad. This increase in consumer spending has allowed firms to be able to invest greater amounts of capital back into their businesses, creating better or more products or allowing them to diversify. Rising interest rates have also encouraged this investment trend, not only with firms though; households are more willing to invest in the stock market, or undergo greater financial risks. This has been responsible for the growth of the UK’s now extremely strong and world renowned financial services sector, which contributed i19 billion to the UK’s GDP in 2005. Although most salaries in the service sector are low, the financial service sector provides very high potential salaries, as well as annual bonuses and employs over 1. 1 million people. The growth of the internet has allowed many service and good producing firms to close down high street shops and operate entirely from the internet, reducing rent and labour costs enormously and allowing more money for investment and/or profit. Examples include Amazon and Elephant; an insurance company providing an internet based service only. In conclusion I believe that the Primary and Secondary sector’s decline in employment was largely down to mechanisation, however in later years other factors had great impacts too; for example policies during Margaret Thatcher’s time as Prime Minister in the 1980s causing privatisation. The Tertiary sector employment boom is down to better educations and higher aspirations of the UK workforce, as well as cheaper labour and land abroad. The internet and greater quality of communications has also allowed both the Tertiary and Quaternary sectors to expand as globalisation has occurred. Social wants and desires have also fuelled the service sector growth. Given more time and resources this topic could have been discussed in far greater depth, looking back further in time at employment structures as well as studying and predicting possible trends in the future in the UK economy, as well as looking at global trends. How to cite Describe and explain recent changes (since 1945) in the employment structure of the UK, Papers

Early American Political Science free essay sample

A study of the American constitutional ideal that forms the liberties of the nation. This paper examines the response of the American founding fathers to the mass movements that sought to reduce inequalities of wealth, intelligence, talent or virtue that lead to dangerous leveling in society in violation of mens right to property. It looks at the rebellions that followed and the founding fathers work towards preserving the natural and basic rights of the people, as they saw that individual rights and the differences that make up a society created a stronger nation. The premise of a strong society lies in the differences in wealth, intelligence and talent of the people. A society, which levels out all inequalities only, leads to a stagnation and destruction in the growth of that society. A certain amount of inequality therefore is essential for the progressive movement of the country as a whole. This fear gripped the founding fathers and propelled them into bringing reforms to preserve the society at the same time making the country better for the people. We will write a custom essay sample on Early American Political Science or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Research Paper on World History Essay Example

Research Paper on World History Essay History of Wars Introduction The historical period following the World War II is considered to be quite controversial, and often it is criticised, but it is very important to realize the processes that took place in the world at that epoch to better understand the entity of the Cold War and its causes. It is obvious that international policy of two superpowers in the post-war period led to the Cold War, which divided the world into two hostile parts and kept the population of the whole planet under the threat of the World War III, though the latter possibility was rather hypothetical, such a situation, nonetheless, led to the global confrontation of two superpowers, of two political and socio-economic systems. The post-war era seems to be quite fresh in memory of many specialists and this is why erroneously it is considered to be quite easy to analyse but in actuality the situation is absolutely different and what is probably the most difficult and hidden from the public is the policy and real intention of the USSR headed by Joseph Stalin, a notorious figure in the world history who was perceived as a hero, a rescuer of the nation and, in contrast, as a monster that created a machine using millions of people for its own goals. It is why this research paper will be mainly focused on Stalin’s policy from the end of the World War II till the Korean War. It is particularly important to analyze the choices made by Stalin in his policy, his reasons and the alternatives he had. The post-war reality Speaking about Stalin’s policy after the end of the World War II, it is necessary to analyze the situation in the world in that epoch because it was not only shaped by Stalin and the USSR but also produced a significant impact on its policy and defined the further development of the international policy. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on World History specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on World History specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on World History specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At this respect, it should be pointed out that the end of the World War II led to the clash of interests of two superpowers in the world the USSR and the US. Before there was one common enemy, both countries struggled against but when the Nazi power in Germany has eliminated the winners set their rules of play. Soon it turned to be that only the US and the USSR could be so influential that their policy defined the situation in the whole world while European countries such as the UK or France, were to weakened by the war to remain as powerful as they used to be before. At first glance, there was nothing dangerous in such a situation neither for the US nor the USSR since they had won the war against Germany and after the end of the World War II, there was no apparent threat to them such as fascism. Unfortunately for both the US and the USSR, such a view on the situation in the world was erroneous, and reality was entirely different. In fact, on defeating Germany, the former alliances turned into enemies because of the Communist regime in the USSR, which would be more precisely to name the Stalinist system, was not less threat for the US and other capitalist countries of the world. On the other hand, the US was not less serious threat to the stability of Stalin’s regime in the USSR because the antagonism between the communist regime in the USSR and democratic countries have started long before the beginning of the World War II. In such a situation Stalin, as a leader of the USSR could logically apprehend the intervention of western countries in its affairs both domestic and foreign. Consequently, Stalin’s primary strategically important direction of development and Soviet policy was the prevention of the spread of influence of the US and its western alliances, which were threatening the national security of the USSR. In such a situation Europe, which was in ruin both socio-economic and political, had become an arena of the struggle of two superpowers and gradually such opposition was spread all over the world. Objectively speaking, the end of the World War two marked the start of new era when there was no third power in the world, such as fascist Germany used to be, and the opposition between the US and the USSR defined the policy of both countries and national and strategic interests of both countries were in strengthening its positions and weakening those of the opponent. At the same time it is necessary to realise that for Stalin, as a leader of the USSR that suffered from international intervention after the revolution in Russia of 1917, it was vitally necessary to create a kind of buffer that would make the threat of direct military invasion less unexpected and less probable along with the creation of an alternative to western way of development for the countries that were freed from fascist occupation and their future was still obscure. In fact these countries, primarily European ones, had become the first strategic point of the growing opposition between the USSR and the US for they were too weak to resist to either US or Soviet intervention or socio-economic and political influence and at the same time they also were the desired countries to control by the superpowers since they created the basis for further international expansion of both countries because there remained no real alternatives in the world for weak states but to choose either the US or the USSR as an alliance. In such a way the more unions the US or the USSR acquired, the more influential they would be in international policy and more secure their national interests were. Stalin’s post-World War II policy and its alternatives Naturally, the reality of the general situation in the world and international circumstances defined the strategic choices made by Stalin from the end of the World War II till the Korean War. Obviously, the choices made by Stalin as a leader of one of the two superpowers may be criticised or justified but what is really important from the historical and strategic point of view is to analyse what made him act in the way he did, what the reasons for his choices were, and whether there were possible alternatives or not. First of all, one of the primary strategic goals of Stalin after the end of the World War II was to maintain control in European countries, or at least within the countries neighboring on the USSR. Otherwise, European countries would go under the control of the US. In fact, the countries, which were freed by the USSR from Germany, did not become free. De facto they remained under the influence of the USSR though de jure they could choose any way of further development that they wanted. Actually, hypothetically they could choose either communism by joining the USSR as alliances or democracy, in such a case their alliance should be the US. Apparently, Stalin realized the importance of European countries for the growth of the power of the USSR, and he had to spread the influence of the country he ruled in over a possibly larger number of European countries. This is exactly what he had done within a few years after the end of the World War II. Notably, following the World War II Soviet army â€Å"occupied much of the territory that had been formerly held by the Axis countries† (Parker 1997:176). As a result, there were Soviet occupational zones in Germany and Austria. Moreover, Hungary and Poland were also under practical military occupation. However, the military force of the Soviet Union was not the only way Stalin’s regime influenced countries liberated from German occupation and control. The USSR also widely used socio-economic and political influence on the countries ruined by the war. As a result, the strategic goal to establish control in European countries was achieved for from 1946-1948 communist governments were imposed in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria that were amply supported by the communist government in Moscow. At the same time there were also home-grown dictatorships in Yugoslavia and Albania and naturally, they were quite friendly to the USSR, especially compared to the hostile US and other democratic countries. In such a way, Eastern and Central Europe turned to be under the Soviet control, and the Eastern borders of the USSR had been much safer than before due to the great buffer zone represented by its European alliances. Moreover, what was not less important is the fact that communism had started to spread dramatically as the dominant ideology in other European countries that was naturally a great success of the Soviet foreign policy. Obviously the choice made by Stalin in favour of establishing control in the countries liberated by the Red Army from fascists was strategically right from the point of view of increasing the role of the USSR in the international relations and its transformation into a superpower because the Stalinist regime acquired international alliances, even if some of them were not really willing to join such an alliance, and the success in Eastern and Central Europe had made the hopes of Soviet communists to spread Marxism-Leninism ideology throughout the world, nour ished since the Russian revolution in 1917, more realisable than ever before. Moreover, the USSR had eliminated the status of the ‘outcast’ is the only communist country in the world. Probably, one may argue whether it was necessary to spread the USSR control over European countries using all means. In fact, the most obvious alternative that could be suggested to Stalin in such a situation was the refusal from intervention in the national policy of European countries liberated by the Red Army and let the countries decide independently what the way of further development they prefer. Moreover, it is even possible to presuppose that the USSR could get communist alliances without military occupation or any other kind of interventions used by Stalin. At this respect, the example of Yugoslavia and Albania where the communist regimes were home-grown could be very persuasive evidence in favor of this argument. Finally, one may doubt whether the Soviet control was necessary at all and this would prevent the world from the Cold War. Unfortunately, these arguments are not very persuasive, and they were unrealizable in that situation, taking into consideration the ambitions of Stalin and the entity of his regime. First of all, it is evident that Stalin would hardly choose any other way of actions because he simply gets used to totalitarian methods and consequently he would instead choose force and socio-economic and political pressure to become alliances of the USSR rather than diplomatic negotiations with the countries liberated by the Red Army. Furthermore, the idea that the USSR should not intervene in the policy of liberated European countries is rather utopian because, as it has been mentioned above, international alliances in Europe were vitally important for the USSR and stability of Stalin’s regime. Obviously, Stalin remembered well foreign intervention in communist Russia after the revolution of 1917. He could not admit that American or western European countries, which were extremely terrified by the threat of communism, would lose an opportunity to defeat communism on defeating fascism. Consequently, it was quite a natural reaction of the USSR on the potential threat from former alliances in the World War II. Also one should not forget about the ambitions of communists to establish new order throughout the world, and in such a situation the spread of communism in Europe could be interpreted as the first step to the world hegemony of communism. Anyway, on refusing from Soviet expansion, Stalin would risk remaining alone and his country, recovering from the consequences of the war, could face the US as a powerful opponent and the only country possessing the nuclear weapon that could eventually defeat communism in this country.As a result, the strategic goal of Stalin was to establish control and neutralize potentially dangerous states, such as Germany for instance, to maintain personal power and increase the role of the USSR. In such a context, on eventually forming the communist block in Europe in 1948, Stalin could feel safe on western borders, especially when in 1949 the nuclear weapon appeared in the USSR. Nonetheless, there was Asian region which was also quite perspective for the spread of communism and, on the other hand, was potentially dangerous on the condition that democratic forces led by the US establish control in the whole continent. At this respect, he could not fail to support the Communist revolution in China in 1949, which also contributed to the spread of communism in the world and made the position of the USSR stronger and the ruling regime could feel safer since new alliances in the world opposition to democratic countries had appeared. The recognition of communist China by the USSR was probably the last sign which indicated at the fact that â€Å"the relations between the Soviet Union and its former World War II western allies soon broke down, and gave way to a prolonged period of tension and distrust between East and West known as the Cold War† (Parker 1997:369). At this respect, the Korean War was the most visible symbol that the world is divided into two hostile parts. In the case of Korea, the support of the USSR was even more significant than in the case of China and even though one may argue that the Korean War deteriorated the position of the USSR since it provided the possibility to enlarge American military presence in the region its neutrality could hardly have different results. Finally, Stalin could not simply refuse to support communism movement when it was amply supported by China. Otherwise, the USSR would risk losing leadership in the communist movement, at least in Asia. The latter was a potential threat to the USSR as a superpower because its positions, being weakened in Asia, could be weakened in other regions of the world and in addition to opposition to democratic countries the competition with Asian communist states would be added. Conclusion Thus, in conclusion, it is possible to say that the choices made by Stalin were right in the light of the strategic goals he wanted to achieve. Unfortunately, the possible alternatives such as neutrality about China, for instance, were unacceptable for the USSR and the reason is not the abnormal desire of power by Stalin but just a natural instinct and desire to survive. On refusing, from recognition of China, Stalin as a leader of the USSR, would not only acquire a new enemy on its Eastern borders but also split the communist movement in the world which should be as stable as the democratic movement, otherwise communist regimes would not have any chance to win hegemony in the world. Consequently, the USSR had to spread its control over European countries and support amply communist movement in Asia to survive, become more powerful and influential. Otherwise, there would be neither the Cold War nor probably the USSR as a communist state.

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buy custom Accounting essay Question 1 Paid-in capital refers to the total amount of money that investors or companys owners inject in the company as an investment. This mainly refers to the funds injected to start a business. If two people came together to start a company and each of them contributed $80,000, then the company would have $160,000 as paid in capital. It is important that companies establish and maintain separate ledger accounts for each investor since in some instances, investors do not contribute equal amounts. Thus, this will be a key consideration in the sharing of profits and revenues generated by the company. On the other hand, earned capital is the total amount of net profits that a company decides not to distribute as dividends to the investors. In most cases, companies choose not to distribute part of its earnings as dividends so that they can fund investments and expansion projects (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). This saves the company from the need for getting funds from financial institutions and paying interest. Earned capital can also be termed as the retained earnings. When presenting share capital in the balance sheet, paid-in capital and earned capital appear as separate lines. It is important to separate the two types of capital for a number of reasons. One of the reasons is that separating them enables one to see whether the company is making profits or not. It is due to the fact that earned capital represents the profits made after investing the paid-in capital. Combining the two will make it difficult to ascertain the amounts of profits. The other reason for sparating them is for tax purpose. Earned capital forms the basis for tax calculations and not for paid-in capital. Combining them would result in increased tax liability. This would also be a misrepresentation of the revenues to the tax authorities. The third reason for separating the two is to enable the investor to evaluate whether the earned revenues are able to meet the companies obligations and leave the investors with some profits. Ideally, after launching a business, investors sho uld not inject more money to pay for the daily running of the operations. The company should be able to generate enough funds to pay for its current obligations. Knowledge of whether the company is making enough money or not would enable investors to pull out in good time in the event that the company is unable to generate enough funds to meet all the obligations. Question 2 To every investor in the market, earned capital is more important than the paid-in capital. The reason behind this assertion is that earned capital is a representation of a companys ability to generate revenues from the amounts of money the investors injected into the company. All investors invest their money in starting a business with the hope that the operations of the company will generate enough funds to pay all the obligations and retain some funds for the investors (Pratt Salimi, 2010). Additionally, when looking for additional funds to invest, new investors will look at the earned capital over a period the company has been in operations. New investors have interests in companies that have a high earned capital and shun investing in companies that have low or declining earned capital. If the companys earned capital has been on the rise, then the new investors can be willing to inject funds in the company regardless of the initial paid-in capital. This is because they are cert ain that they will recover their investments. Additionally, when a company is seeking for financing from financial institutions, the latter will look at the earned capital to assess whether the company will be able to repay the loans plus the interest. Therefore, it is clear that earned capital is more important compared to paid-in capital. Question 3 Basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts of profits or losses attributable to the outstanding common shares during the reporting period. Accompany arrives at the basic EPS by dividing the profits or losses available to the common shareholders by the average common shares during the reporting period. Diluted EPS provides a basis to estimate shares a company could have theoretically after exercising all stock options, preferred stocks, warrants, and convertible bonds. The theory assumes that since all the investments stated exercised, then the number of outstanding shares can rise anytime (Bens, Nagar, Skinner, Wong, 2003). This lowers the amounts of earnings attributable to each share. For an investor, diluted EPS is far much important than the basic EPS since it provides a detailed explanation of the real earning power of the company. This means that an investor needs to have concerns about a company that has a basic EPS same as the diluted EPS since it means that the company does not have any investments that it can convert when need arises. Buy custom Accounting essay

How to Write an SEO Article †Part 2

How to Write an SEO Article – Part 2 How to Write an SEO Article Part 2 How to Write an SEO Article Part 2 By Colin In part one of How To Write An SEO Article, we looked at how important it is to get the basics of an SEO article correct from the start. We looked at the importance of writing relevant content to the user and not the search engine, and we also looked at the research that goes into keywords and keyphrases that are to be integrated into the article. Nothing that was described in part one should be considered difficult by anyone. If it is, please email me individually, making sure to swallow a pinch of salt before you do. In part two of How To Write An SEO Article, I’m going to take everything we have learned in part one and apply it to the article that needs to be written. I’ll also cover that slightly boring, but all-important, ‘techy bit’. Using Keywords and Keyphrases Okay, so you have your keywords either by your own intuition or from a client. Then what? Well, the first step is to go back to step one, and remind yourself what the actual article that is going to be so helpful and informative to the reader, is all about. Then, based on this remit, write the article, and along the way, include the keywords and keyphrases among the text in as natural and logical a manner as possible. It may be you can build the article around the keywords themselves, but the most important thing is not to over use them. It makes the article appear like an attempt at SEO article writing gone mad. Also, it won’t read well and a reader will give up before he gets half way through. If you are struggling to find suitable places for the keywords, never force it into the text just so you can include it. If it doesn’t flow with the natural rhythm of the piece, leave it out or re-write the text. If you still find it impossible to use it elsewhere in the piece, wipe the slate clean and re-write the article from an entirely new angle. Obviously, if you are writing to the demands of a client who has given you a difficult remit with awkward keywords, this rule may have to be bent a little, but being a creative freelance writer means being able to adapt to situations like this, so trust yourself and go with the flow. Point of Note #1: they wouldn’t need someone to do it for them, if they could do it themselves. Point of Note #2: remember you’re the expert, so write the article for the reader, not the algorithm. Where possible (although this may not be part of your remit), try to include one of the keyphrases in the headline, and if possible, the sub-headline. This is a neat way of taking the pressure off the article content, while keeping the keywords at the front of the search engine algorithm results when it comes around. Hypertext Links Creating hypertext links that are embedded within the content of an article, is a great way of increasing general interest, as well as allowing a higher chance of search engine spiders being able to reach it. Too many hypertext links within your text will only annoy readers, though, so creating links to every keyword is not recommended. Linking to other interesting articles or websites from other words or phrases, that may not be specific to the remit given to you, may help to build a higher percentage of user interest, as well as boost the SEO ranking of the page the article is published on. For example, here is a section from an SEO article for the music industry I recently wrote: â€Å"Bidding for concert tickets from an unknown Internet source, is not a good way of buying your all important seats to see Britney Spears.† The keyphrase in this article is ‘concert tickets’ and as you can see, has been used within the article’s context. However, it doesn’t take a genius to work out that more searches are run for the phrase ‘Britney Spears’ than for ‘concert tickets,’ therefore, not only is it mentioned in the same paragraph, but there is also a hypertext link included which links to her official site. Having both phrases, ‘concert tickets’ and ‘Britney Spears,’ alongside each other, is quite clearly a potent combination for anyone concerned who might want to run an Internet search like it; Britney fans, music fans, memorabilia collectors, ticket touts, etc. Therefore, this sentence when published, will look like this: â€Å"Bidding for concert tickets from an unknown Internet source, is not a good way of buying your all important seats to see Britney Spears.† Keyword Density Keyword density is a term often used in the context of SEO, and is often stressed as being a vital component of every SEO article writer’s armoury. The phrase came into being because keywords, which provide the foundation on which SEO copywriting is based, led many people to conclude that the more keywords included in a SEO article, the higher chance there is of that web page being ranked during a search. Scientific formulae were developed to try and prove this, and thus an industry was born. Unfortunately, in this writer’s experience, this is almost always complete rubbish. Generally, one will find that no matter how many times the phrase ‘Britney Spears,’ is used in an article, when published, it simply will not shoot into the top ten in Google’s search ranking. Good keyword usage is supported not by the amount of times it is used in a web article, but by the combinations of other relevant keywords it sits beside, as in the example given earlier of ‘Britney Spears’ and ‘concert tickets.’ Each individual, but related keyword, helps narrow the search down even further. However, even with the most advanced SEO keyword placement strategies in place, there is still one remaining factor that is vital to help support the use of keywords and keyphrases: web page construction. Which takes me neatly onto the ‘techy bit’. Web Page Optimisation (The ‘Techy Bit’) As a freelance writer this section isn’t really required, but I though it wouldn’t hurt to come to a better understanding of the different ways that keywords and SEO can be applied, to increase the page rank of a website. Within the construction of a simple HTML web page, is a section at the top called the Header. Within this section there are various meta tags, the most important of which is the Title tag, and the Meta description tag. Search engine spiders read the meta data within a webpage, and are attracted to those sites which have keywords present early on. Search engine spiders and web browsers read HTML code from top to bottom (meta data then content), so what comes first gets read first and is therefore output first. It is therefore very important for good web page optimisation to occur, that an emphasis be placed on the usage of keywords in the Title tags and Meta tags, and to have the most important ones placed near the beginning. For example, here is an extract of HTML data taken from a website that might have published the article on Britney Spears concert tickets: html head titleBritney Spears Concert Tickets/title meta name="Keywords" content="Britney Spears, concert tickets, Britney on tour, gigs, stadium tour, Toxic, Oops I Did It Again† /head body Bidding for bconcert tickets/b from an unknown Internet source, is not a good way of buying your all important seats to see a href=†britneyspears.com†Britney Spears/a †¦..etc. /body /html As you can see, the most important keyphrases were used in the web page title, as well as at the front of the meta keywords line. And in the content we had the combination of keywords and keyphrases, including a logical hypertext link to what happens to be a very popular website on the Internet, for whatever reason. And that, in a nutshell, is about all you need to know to get started writing SEO articles. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs PastLoan, Lend, Loaned, Lent40 Synonyms for Praise

A Storm in the Rocky Mountains by Bierstadt Essay

A Storm in the Rocky Mountains by Bierstadt - Essay Example The essay "A Storm in the Rocky Mountains by Bierstadt" explores the painting by Bierstadt, "A Storm in the Rocky Mountains". Coming from a generation of the aforementioned digital photography one is easily cynical enough to question the authenticity of the painting. Its surreal looks and intricate and fine detailing makes it impossible for one to believe that this is a creation by a mere mortal. In 1863, the artist is said to have set out on an expedition to the Chicago Lakes region of the Rockies and he referred to Yosemite as ‘the original site of the Garden of Eden.’ En-route his journey through the region currently known as the Chicago Peaks Range, Albert Bierstadt came to an immediate halt in awe of the breathtaking view, and immediately began to make sketches of the mountainous landscape to gather studies of the region for this monumental painting, executed three years later in his New York studio. For the final canvas, he exercised artistic license, rearranging s ome landmarks and exaggerating the scale of others, to maximize the visual interest of this Rocky Mountain landscape. Gazing at the painting, one does not tend to notice all that, but is left with the wish they had been lucky enough to witness the same view. Still, even a photograph from the most powerful of today’s cameras may not have given the scene as much justice. This picture had thrilled audiences with its dual effects of sublime grandeur and reportorial detail for years now. The soaring peaks, expansive valleys.

Government corruption and the entry strategies of multinationals Essay

Government corruption and the entry strategies of multinationals - Essay Example us of this paper is to undertake a review of the article of Rodriguez et al entitled â€Å"Government Corruption and the entry strategy of multinationals† and it is submitted at the outset that it is firstly necessary to undertake a contextual review of the central issues facing MNEs, government corruption and entry mode strategies, which I shall undertake in section 1 as a precursor to the detailed consideration of Rodriguez et al’s arguments in the article. The limitations of the law as a tool for regulation of MNEs by states was further evidenced by the dictum of Slade LJ in the case of Adams v Cape ([1990] Ch 433) per Slade LJ where he asserted that â€Å"we do not accept as a matter of law that the court is entitled to lift the corporate veil against a defendant company which is the member of a corporate group merely because corporate structure has been used so as to ensure that legal will fall on another member of the group rather than the defendant company† (p.544). Moreover, the UK courts have struggled to address the commercial reality of group companies, indicating a distinct preference for maintaining the sanctity of the separate legal entity principle, which on the one hand arguably facilitates potential for entry mode abuse of the MNE structure or alternatively impedes entry mode depending on the nature of state corruption. Indeed, Rodriguez et al highlight the importance of entry mode strategy to MNE success and therefore it is submitted that the interrelationship between effective governance, corruption and entry level strategy is, which is arguably ignored by Rodriquez et al in their article. Additionally, group company structures often create problems of effective regulation and accountability, yet existing principles of law have arguably been stretched to ignore separate legal personality within a group, which clearly shapes entry mode strategy (Nygh, 2002). This further indicates a different dimension to the debate regarding corruption and MNE

Therapy or no treatment Essay Example for Free

Therapy or no treatment Essay Introduction When we study human behavior, specifically focusing on the development of personality and crucial to how a person or individual conducts him/herself, psychology offers a variety of dimensions. The concept of personality is central to our attempt to understand ourselves and others and is part of the way in which we account for the differences that contribute to our individuality. Psychologists have been particularly concerned with shaping of the personality in relation to genetic and environmental influences. We have been fortunate that the study of human personality has been thriving and fruitful. We can choose from as many models we can to help us see ourselves better and maintain good relationships. Discussion Studies that reveal patients in improved psychological state with or without treatment or intervention may not be that good news for many in the mental health profession. However, the rationale for the kind of profession that they have is to help and the practice or professional help presupposes that skills and knowledge that had been gained are indispensable to speedy recovery, possible complications, and probable harm to the client himself and to others around him (Corey, 2004). ~Nature and Importance of therapy Behavior is described and analyzed. On this basis, an attempt to predict behavior is possible, and although this may not thoroughly and completely be accomplished in some endeavors, the basic understanding then is that there are certain expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are within his conscious awareness. Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological problems are common to group relations, in whatever framework a person or group of individuals come from. The goals of treatment for instance, using the psychodynamic model, include alleviating patient of the symptoms which specifically works to uncover and work through unconscious conflict. The task of psychodynamic therapy is â€Å"to make the unconscious conscious to the patient† (â€Å"Models of abnormality†, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. The treatment modality frequently used includes dreams and free association, at times hypnosis (as preferred by either the therapist or by the client). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client. Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications. It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al., 2007; Corey, 2004). Moreover, the identification of specific treatments or interventions according to the diagnosed issue will be accommodated and implemented based on the chosen treatment modalities fit with the therapeutic approach utilized. It may be a single modality based on a single approach (e.g., learning principles and desensitization for a patient with specific phobias) or it maybe a combination of many modalities (CBT, Rogerian, Phenomenological, or Family systems) (Rubinstein et al., 2007; Corey, 2004). ~Promoting therapy Psychotherapists believe that therapy contributes a lot to the improvement of the psychological condition of the client (Snyder, 1994). Therapy can come in many varied forms and the use of these or any of these has been proven to be of vital significance to clients from various walks of life and with myriads of problems or mental and emotional challenges. Therapy may be long-termed analytical experiences or encounters or brief problem-oriented treatment/intervention. Whatever the case, these consultations and in-depth interactions and activities between a practitioner therapist and the client in most cases, are beneficial (Mutha, 2002). It is therefore wrong to argue that with or without treatment patients recover or improve because subtle issues are overlooked with this statement or findings. Firstly, studies were done with findings that were more correlational rather than experimental (Mutha, 2002). Secondly, the element of catharsis is a powerful ingredient or element of the healing process and many of those without seeking professional help happened to be with a support group whose experiences were years of gaining knowledge and skills from the experts and experienced counselors (Mutha, 2002). It is true that there have been substantial evidences as well that improvement with cases have occurred; these are usually attributed the aforementioned reasons. Specifically, psychotherapy enables a client or patient to help ease his anxiety, managing his fears from the mundane or petty to the horrific. Quality of life, wellness and recovery are primary goals aside from the usual notion that psychotherapy is just a crutch for someone who may not actually have a real psychological problem (Snyder et al, 2000). This last phrase is true for some people who needed more than the advice or the listening ear; precisely, they needed a human ace who is intent on knowing and understanding them. Reference: Atkinson, R.L., R.C. Atkinson, E.E Smith, D.J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema. Introduction to Psychology. 13th Ed. New York: Harcourt College Publishers, 2000. Corey, Gerald, 2004. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. Corey, Gerald.2001. The Art of Integrative Counseling. Article 29: â€Å"Designing an Integrative Approach to Counseling Practice† Retrieved November 28, 2007 in http://counselingoutfitters.com/vistas/vistas04/29.pdf Crabb, Larry, 2000. Found in Anderson et al resource. Christ-centered therapy. http://books.google.com/books?id=Rn-f2zL01ZwCpg=PA11lpg=PA11dq=effective+biblical+counseling+by+larry+crabb+critiquesource=webots=WFVYLIqP1nsig=MqIhqE_XfGzIQODAKV5iMPjqz14#PPA19,M1 C.R. Snyder et al., Hope Theory: Updating A Common Process for Psychological Change in Handbook of Psychological Change: Psychotherapy Processes Practices for the 21st Century 133 (C.R. Snyder Rick E. Ingram eds. 2000) C.R. Snyder, The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get There From Here (The Free Press 1994) Davison, Gerald C. and John M. Neale. 2001. Abnormal Psychology. Eighth ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Ellis, Albert 2001. Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. Mutha, S., Allen, C., Welch, M. 2002. Toward Culturally Competent Care: A Toolbox for Teaching Communication Strategies. San Francisco: UCSF Center for the Health Professions.

Determination of the Enthalpy Change of a Reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Determination of the Enthalpy Change of a Reaction Determine the enthalpy change of the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate by an indirect method based on Hess' law. Determination of the Enthalpy Change of a Reaction Determine the enthalpy change of the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate by an indirect method based on Hess' law. Using the proposed method of obtaining results, these values were gathered: Reaction 1: CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) GRAPH Â ¼ in both cases represents the mean of the data. Using the equation for enthalpy change: H = mcT Where: m = Mass of liquid to which heat is transferred to (g) c = Specific heat capacity of aqueous solution (taken as water = 4.18 J.g-1.K-1) T = Temperature change (oK) We can thus determine the enthalpy changes of reaction 1 and reaction 2 using the mean (Â ¼) of the data obtained. Reaction 1: H = 50 x 4.18 x -2.12 H = -443.08 This value is for 2.51g of calcium carbonate, not 100.1g which is its molecular weight. Therefore: H = -443.08 x (100.1 / 2.51) = -17670.2 J.mol-1. H = -17.67 kJ.mol-1. Reaction 2: H = 50 x 4.18 x -10.3 H = -2152.7 This value is for 1.37g of calcium oxide, not 56.1g which is its relative molecular mass. Therefore: H = -2152.7 x (56.1 / 1.37) = -88150.7 J.mol-1. H = -88.15 kJ.mol-1. Hess' law states that: 1"The total enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is independent of the route by which the reaction takes place, provided initial and final conditions are the same." This means that therefore the enthalpy change of a reaction can be measured by the calculation of 2 other reactions which relate directly to the reactants used in the first reaction and provided the same reaction conditions are used, the results will not be affected. We have the problem set by the experiment: to determine the enthalpy change of the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. This is difficult because we cannot accurately measure how much thermal energy is taken from the surroundings and provided via thermal energy from a Bunsen flame into the reactants, due to its endothermic nature. Therefore using the enthalpy changes obtained in reaction 1 and reaction 2 we can set up a Hess cycle: Thus using Hess' law we can calculate the enthalpy change of reaction 3. Reaction 3: H = Reaction 1 - Reaction 2 H = -17.67 - (-88.15) = +70.48 kJ.mol-1. Comparing the value +70.

A Successful College Student Essay

Successful means accomplishing or achieving an aim or a goal, a purpose. A College is an educational institution which can gain knowledge by students. Student can further their education at college after graduated from high school or secondary school. Student is the one who is studying at a school or a college, and student can also defined as a learner. College student can take any courses that they are interested in a college or university. Students who choose to further their study in college is the most important steps to being success, and successful college student is start from choosing the correct subject, which is the student wanted or interested in the subject. But a lot of the students are studying the subject that their parents want them to study, but not the subject that they want. Choose the correct subject is the first steps of being success, so you must fight for it, because you are allowed to decide your future. There are a lot of types of student in the college, different types of student have different kind of goal or aim. But most of the students’ goal is to be a successful college student. To be a successful college student is not that easy, some of the students think that get well result in their academic is consider a successful student. , but this idea is definitely wrong. A successful college student does not mean the smartest in the class, the best result in academic student, the word â€Å"success† means success in various aspects. A successful student must set realistic goals and targets to motivate themselves. Although goals must be challenging but must be realistic, do not set the goals which are impossible to achieve. Goals should be measurable and specific, better to include a deadline for accomplishment. Short-term goals or small goals is easily to complete and can be accomplished quickly. Short-term goals can be set by monthly, weekly, or even tough daily, such as hand in assignment on time, do extra exercise, or master in a new chapter and etc. However, a student must have the act and behavior like a student in the college. At college, some of the students attend to class late or refuse to attend class, especially the subject which cannot forbid student to the final exam. The successful student must attend every class on time, unless have forgivable reason. Next, good student should be sit in front of the class, listen every word from lecturer and try to understand it. Students should not be afraid to ask when don’t understand on something, if student is having difficulty on study can always take advantage of the tutoring session, it is useful and beneficial to student. Besides, prepare before the class started and take the note down when the lecturer is explaining, then review after class, do more than just listened is one of the tips to become successful. Spend around 30-45minutes to review all the notes which have been taken in the class, and try to understand concepts instead of memorize all the details, use the shortcut learning skill in study, because successful student must work smart but not work hard. And then, hand in all the work that given by the lecturer on time, because successful student will take responsibility for their education. They don’t even waste a minute with doing nothing. To become a successful college student must learn on time management. Properly manage the time between study and also fun time. Set a weekly schedule which contains study time, fun time, sport time, and also family time. Although sometime we have not enough time for us to do what we want to do, but we must give a little time for our family, even though a period of dinner time. Study is very important to a student, but the over study will lead to the worse situation. In fact, don’t forget to relax from the challenging study, take a short break between study sections, and have a good rest for further journey. Furthermore, good looking is not the must, but good dressing is the must. Student must have the look of student, not to wear like a hoodlum, they should always keep ourselves neat and clean. Have at least one time bath everyday to keep ourselves clean, and wash and change the clothes everyday, do not wear same cloth in two days. Otherwise, keep ourselves health is also one of the steps to be a successful college student. Successful student should always keep their energy in high level, for instance, have 8 hours sleeping time for everyday, keep doing exercise everyday or at least 4 days in a week. Don’t always skip meal with the reason busy or no time to eat, eat three meals a day is the must and eat well with healthy food but not fast foods. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, a successful student should always have the positive mind thinking and stay free from drugs and also alcohol. Drugs and alcohol will affect our brain and slowed our reaction, in long-term, our brain will damaged. Communication skill is the worse skills of student nowadays, student do not know how to communicate with each other, they communicate well with using online chatting, email or sms, but not proper speaking with each other. Successful student must be good in communication and socialize skills. To improve the skills, involve yourself in different kind of activities, such as become member in a club, join community, and etc. Moreover, involve yourself in the camp can train your leadership, leadership is very important, because he or she carries the risk of whole group. Besides that, friendship can also be create on the camp activities, all of the student will work together and help out each other to complete a mission that given by tutor. While they are completing the mission, the solving skill of student has been trained. Communication and participation skills will be improved when accomplishing a mission or an activity, because they will discuss to solve the problem that face by them together. Camping really brings a lot of advantages and it helps students to gain extra skills, create a large social network, which might lead student to become successful. The good activities are good for us but must not involve yourself in illegal activities such as gambling, fighting, stealing and etc, it might get you in to trouble. Study is good but not just concentrate on it only, try to have fun during college, but fun time and serious time must manage wisely, not too concentrate on study and left out community and time for fun. A suitable reward for the hard work of many nights are needed to a student to relax our stress and refresh our messy mind. Conclusion, tips to become successful college student have been mentioned on above. Although no one is perfect, but every students have to try their best to achieve their goal, which is to became a successful student. Finally, a successful college student must have a good behavior, even you are a talent, good behavior is very important, because how you treat people, is the same way how people treat you back. The last tip for student is learn how to learn, because a great education is one of the most important things in our life.

Horace Miner – Nacirema Tribe Location

â€Å"Body Rituals among the Nacirema† is an article written by Horace Miner about a group of people, the Nacirema, and their everyday functions or rituals. Miner relates the culture, practices, values, and beliefs of a seemingly exotic and strange tribe. He vividly and descriptively describes behaviors and activities that are interpreted as unusual and strange. The tribe Miner depicts seems primal and uncivilized, and yet somewhat familiar. They are a â€Å"North American group living in the territory between the Canadian Creel the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles† (Miner).This area is the United States of America and upon recognizing the location, the reader starts to become cognizant of the presence of an ulterior message. Miner’s depiction draws us in but shortly, we realize he is referring to American society; read backwards, Nacirema spells ‘American. ’ Instead of describing a far-away and exotic tribe, a s the reader first expects, the article describes very ‘normal’ aspects of American life, such as dental hygiene and medicine. The use of language like â€Å"mouth-rite,† â€Å"holy-mouth-men,† and â€Å"medicine men† frames these aspects in a very abnormal way.Miner does an exceptional job of disguising the American culture as ‘Nacirema. ’ Once unveiling this disguise, many references can easily be seen and the article is interpreted in a whole new way; for example, the â€Å"cleansing shrine† as the washroom, â€Å"magical potions† as medicine, and â€Å"latipso† as hospital. This article is written as an observation on American society but could be generalized as ‘North American’ practices. The article demonstrates that attitudes about the body have a widespread influence on many social institutions.Many of the rituals that we have in North America involve manipulating our image and this value contra dicts the enlightened and rational creatures we sometimes imagine ourselves to be. Miner effectively convinces the reader of the somewhat ridiculous nature of (North) America’s obsession with health and visual appeal. This is accomplished by provoking readers to form an outside opinion of themselves before realizing they are their own subject. His analysis portrays himself and the reader as superior, civilized beings studying this tribe, which creates a distance and differentiation leading to comparison.By describing American culture from the perspective of an external observer, we can realize how a different perspective or standpoint can perceive our rituals as quite strange. As such, Miner’s article can be seen as speaking to how other cultures could view our own, and shows how ethnocentrism can affect how we see and interpret culture. Miner uses his style of writing to prove his apparent point that Americans are ethnocentric. Furthermore, the tone of the article dis plays how this ethnocentrism can lead to judgment of other, unknown cultures.A resonating point for me throughout this article is Miner’s success in translating Peter Berger’s concept of the sociological perspective, making the reader see the strange in the familiar. By thinking of these familiar rituals as strange, a new perspective is formed and our regular, ‘normal’ world can be seen in a fresh, unique way. Importantly, the sociological imagination begins to engage and develop as we recapture the ability to be astonished by what we normally take for granted.This broadening of perspective and how we look at ourselves can lead us to think beyond our standpoint and better understand someone of a different background. Upon first reading, the rituals/institutions described have a familiarity, but in everyday life we have become socialized so as we do not see the odd and sometimes illogical actions we perform. As Miner begins, â€Å"the anthropologist has be come so familiar with the diversity of ways in which different people behave in similar situations that he is not apt to be surprised by even the most exotic customs. I believe Horace Miner wrote this piece to touch on all of these points; to make us see the familiar as strange, to develop the sociological imagination, and to bring awareness to the ethnocentrism of our culture/society. The targeted audience may be fellow anthropologists, sociologists, scholars/ students, or even the general public. Miner challenges all North Americans to look at themselves in a new light, to look critically upon our own society. He is effective in conveying his messages through his unique approach to the idea, and ability to re-arrange our thought process.He seems to challenge the way cultures, and American culture in particular, may have been previously represented or misrepresented. Furthermore, the article breaks the barrier of viewing American culture as ‘normal’ and that which othe rs may be measured against; he breaks the barrier of ethnocentrism. Another reason to comment on these points may have been to try to stimulate better, less biased research and inspire colleagues, students etc. to consider the existence of perspective and potential for ethnocentrism in all that they do.I find the article relevant, personally, as a student studying sociology and business, and as a North American. Our society is continually becoming more culturally diverse, and international interaction (whether in business, academics or elsewhere) is becoming commonplace. Therefore, it is increasingly important to learn to step outside of our accustomed perspective and to be aware of others we interact with, as well as of our own biases, viewpoints, and barriers.The clever way Miner provokes looking at the familiar as strange lead me think of the many ways we view the ‘familiar,’ having become accustomed to our social norms and values. I have begun to see these in a new way, and will further keep in mind the sociological perspective and presence of potential ethnocentric views when evaluating situations. We naturally look at other cultures or societies through the lens of our own but if we are able to understand our own culture – our social context – the water in which we swim, we can develop our relationships and interactions with those from other waters.

The Chaldean Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II

The Chaldean Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II Name: Nabà »-kudurri-uÅŸur in Akkadian (means Nabà » protect my child) or NebuchadnezzarImportant Dates: r. 605-562 B.C.Occupation: Monarch Claim to Fame Destroyed the temple of Solomon and started the Babylonian Captivity of the Hebrews. King Nebuchadnezzar II was the son of Nabopolassar (Belesys, to Hellenistic writers), who came from the Marduk-worshiping Kaldu tribes living in the extreme southern part of Babylonia. Nabopolassar started the Chaldean period (626-539 B.C.) by restoring Babylonian independence, following the fall of the Assyrian Empire in 605. Nebuchadnezzar was the most famous and important king of the Second Babylonian (or Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean) Empire, which fell to the Persian great king Cyrus the Great in 539 B.C. Accomplishments of Nebuchadnezzar II Nebuchadnezzar restored old religious monuments and improved canals, as other Babylonian kings had done. He was the first Babylonian king to rule Egypt, and controlled an empire that extended to Lydia, but his best-known accomplishment was his palace - a place used for administrative, religious, ceremonial, as well as residential purposes especially the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world. Babylon, too, lies in a plain; and the circuit of its wall is three hundred and eighty-five stadia. The thickness of its wall is thirty-two feet; the height thereof between the towers is fifty cubits;9 that of the towers is sixty ​cubits; and the passage on top of the wall is such that four-horse chariots can easily pass one another; and it is on this account that this and the hanging garden are called one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Strabo Geography Book XVI, Chapter 1There were in it also several artificial rocks, that had the resemblance of mountains; with nurseries of all sorts of plants, and a kind of hanging garden suspended in the air by a most admirable contrivance. This was to gratify his wife, who, being brought op in Media, among the hills, and in the fresh air, found relief from such a prospect.Thus writes Berosus [c. 280 B.C.] respecting the king....Josephus In Answer to Appion Book II Building Projects The Hanging Gardens were on a terrace supported by brick arches. Nebuchadnezzars building projects included surrounding his capital city with a double wall 10-miles long with an elaborate entry called the Ishtar Gate. 3] On the top, along the edges of the wall, they built houses of a single room, facing each other, with space enough between to drive a four-horse chariot. There are a hundred gates in the circuit of the wall, all of bronze, with posts and lintels of the same.Herodotus The Histories Book I.179.3These walls are the citys outer armor; within them there is another encircling wall, nearly as strong as the other, but narrower.Herodotus The Histories Book I.181.1 He also built a port on the Persian Gulf. Conquests Nebuchadnezzar defeated the Egyptian Pharaoh Necho at Carchemish in 605. In 597, he captured Jerusalem, deposed King Jehoiakim, and put Zedekiah on the throne, instead. Many leading Hebrew families were exiled at this time. Nebuchadnezzar defeated the Cimmerians and Scythians [see Tribes of the Steppes] and then turned west, again, conquering Western Syria and destroying Jerusalem, including the Temple of Solomon, in 586. He put down a rebellion under Zedekiah, whom he had installed, and exiled more Hebrew families. He took the inhabitants of Jerusalem prisoner and brought them to Babylon, for which reason this period in Biblical history is referred to as the Babylonian captivity. Also Known As: Nebuchadnezzar the GreatAlternate Spellings: Nabu-kudurri-usur, Nebuchadrezzar, Nabuchodonosor Additional Resources Sources for Nebuchadnezzar include various books of the Bible (e.g., Ezekial and Daniel) and Berosus (Hellenistic Babylonian writer). His many building projects provide archaeological record, including written accounts of his accomplishments in the area of honoring the gods with temple maintenance. Official lists provide mainly dry, detailed chronicle. Sources Seat of Kingship/A Wonder to Behold: The Palace as Construct in the Ancient near East, by Irene J. Winter; Ars Orientalis Vol. 23, Pre-Modern Islamic Palaces (1993), pp. 27-55.Nebuchadnezzar King of Justice, by W. G. Lambert; Iraq Vol. 27, No. 1 (Spring, 1965), pp. 1-1Images of Nebuchadnezzar: the emergence of a ​legend,, by Ronald Herbert Sack

The Real Marketing Value of a Professional Book Cover

The Real Marketing Value of a Professional Book Cover Revealed: The Real Marketing Value of a Professional Book Cover Most self-published authors already understand the importance of great cover design. When it comes to marketing their book, the cover design is their primary sales tool, the face of their project, and the thing that can elevate them to a professional standard in the eyes of readers. But, if authors know this, why do so many still create their own book covers?Most often, it comes down to resources. Professionally designed book covers cost money (but not as much as you might think), and often, authors end up asking themselves: does a professional book cover actually get you more clicks and sales? The Professional Cover TestTo answer this question once and for all, we recently ran an experiment, in which self-published authors were invited to get their book covers re-designed by an experienced professional on Reedsy.Four titles from a range of genres were selected and entered into an A/B test: over the period of a week, we ran two Facebook ads for each book. Both ads were identical in every way - except for the cover image - and exposed to approximately 1,000 users from the same audience set. That way, we would discover how much the re-designed cover impacts the click-rate rate of an advert.On average, we saw a 35% increase in the marketability of books with professional covers.What does this mean? For each test, the professionally designed cover had a click-through rate that was 12.5–50% higher than their non-professional counterparts. Let’s take a quick look at each of the redesigns and let our designers explain their approaches.Once a Bridesmaid -   48% mo re clicksBuy The Fire Within on AmazonWhy do professional covers matter?An effective cover will get relevant readers responding to your ads and heading to your Amazon page. Once there, the design will communicate the tone and content of your book and get more (of the right) readers to buy or download it. This, in turn, improves your chances of positive reviews and ratings, which will send you up Amazon’s rankings, giving your book greater visibility, leading to even more downloads. More so than in most markets, self-publishing benefits heavily from the snowball effect.And we haven’t even touched on how your cover can be used for reader magnets  and crowdfunding campaigns!To see about maximize your book’s marketing potential, head over to the Reedsy Marketplace and request free quotes from over 200 experienced book designers with experience in almost every imaginable genre.Sign up for our free online marketing course and learn how to use Facebook advertising to market your own books.If you've had a re-design of your book cover - or if you've considered getting a professional cover but decided not to - share your thoughts in the comments below.

Describe the causes and efffects of the Pliocene warm period Literature review

Describe the causes and efffects of the Pliocene warm period - Literature review Example The age was marked by various critical tectonic occasions that made the scene we know today. One such occasion was the joining of the tectonic plates of North and South America. This joining was realized by a movement of the Caribbean Plate, which moved somewhat eastwards and structured an area connect over the Isthmus of Panama. The association between North and South America had a noteworthy effect on widely varied vegetation in two regards: (1) ashore, the production of an area extension empowered animal groups to relocate between the two landmasses (Cane et al, 2001 412). This prompted a relocation of armadillo, ground sloth, and porcupines from South to North America and an attack of canines, felines, bears and steeds in the inverse bearing. (2) The joining of the two tectonic plates likewise prompted changes in the natures domain. An environment with species that had been associating for billions of years now got divided into the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This thus had a cri tical effect on the advancement of the species which got disconnected from one another. Throughout the Pliocene the tectonic plates of India and Asia additionally impacted, which framed the Himalayas. In North America, the Cascades, Rockies, Appalachians, and the Colorado levels were elevated, and there was movement in the mountains of Alaska and in the Great Basin reaches of Nevada and Utah. The end of the Pliocene was checked in North America by the Cascadian transformation, throughout which the Sierra Nevada was hoisted and tilted to the west. In Europe, numerous mountain ranges developed, including the Alps, which were collapsed (Dowsett, 2007 478). Throughout the span of the Pliocene, the worldwide atmosphere got to be cooler and drier. The start of the age saw various changes in temperature, which offered route to the general cooling pattern towards the end